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Top : Psychology and Learning Theories
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Psychology and Learning Theories
Need basic information about the range of psychological and learning theories form the past and present? These articles and summaries explain the basics of major theories in psychology.
Aptitude-Treatment Interactions
By Cronbach & Snow - Aptitude-Treatment Interaction (ATI) -- the concept that some instructional strategies (treatments) are more or less effective for particular individuals depending upon their specific abilities. As a theoretical framework, ATI suggests that optimal learning results when the instruction is exactly matched to the aptitudes of the learner. It is consistent with theories of intelligence (e.g., Gardner , Guilford , Sternberg ) that suggest a multidimensional view of ability. (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 1602 )Anchored Instruction (Instructional theory)
By John Bransford - Anchored instruction is a major paradigm for technology-based learning that has been developed by the Cognition & Technology Group at Vanderb ilt (CTGV) under the leadership of John Bransford. While many people have contributed to the theory and research o f anchored instruction, Bransford is the principal spokesperson and hence the theory is attributed to him. (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 1304 )Algo-heuristic theory (cognition)
By L. Landa - Landa's theory is concerned with identifying mental processes -- conscious and especially unconscious -- that underlie expert learning, thinking and performance in any area. His methods represent a system of techniques for getting inside the mind of expert learners and performers which enable one to uncover the processes involved. Once uncovered, they are broken down into their relative elementary components -- mental operations and knowledge units which can be viewed as a kind of psychological "atoms" and "molecules". Performing a task or solving a problem always requires a certain system of elementary knowledge units and operations. (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 1247 )Attribution Theory (Personality/Social Psych.)
By B. Weiner - Attribution theory is concerned with how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior. Heider (1958) was the first to propose a psychological theory of attribution, but Weiner and colleagues (e.g., Jones et al, 1972; Weiner, 1974, 1986) developed a theoretical framework that has become a major research paradigm of social psychology. Attribution theory assumes that people try to determine why people do what they do, i.e., attribute causes to behavior. (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 2998 )Adult Learning Theory
By K.P. Cross - Cross (1981) presents the Characteristics of Adults as Learners (CAL) model in the context of her analysis of lifelong learning programs. The model attempts to integrate other theoretical frameworks for adult learning such as andragogy ( Knowles ), experiential learning ( Rogers ), and lifespan psychology. The CAL model consists of two classes of variables: personal characteristics and situational characteristics. (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 2567 )Andragogy - (Adult Learning)
By Malcolm Knowles - Knowles' theory of andragogy is an attempt to develop a theory specifically for adult learning. Knowles emphasizes that adults are self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Adult learning programs must accommodate this fundamental aspect. Andragogy makes the following assumptions about the design of learning... (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 1997 )ACT* (theory about memory)
By J. Anderson - ACT* is a general theory of cognition developed by John Anderson and colleagues at Carnegie Mellon Univeristy that focuses on memory processes . It is an elaboration of the original ACT theory (Anderson, 1976) and builds upon HAM, a model of semantic memory proposed by Anderson & Bower (1973). Anderson (1983) provides a complete description of ACT*. (Added: 21-Jul-2003 Hits: 1562 )Fundamentals That Support Learning & Adaptation
By Charlie Badenhop - High-quality learning and adaptation are facilitated by utilizing two sources of organization and intelligence in a complimentary manner-our somatic organization and intelligence as coordinated by our enteric nervous system (the brain in our gut), and our cognitive organization and intelligence as coordinated by the brain in our skull. (Added: 17-Apr-2004 Hits: 1481 )
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